Syphilis (VDRL)

This test detects non-treponemal antibodies (reagin) that the body produces in response to cellular damage caused by Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis. The result is reported as a titre, which reflects the level of antibody activity.

A rising titre may indicate active or recent infection, while a declining titre after treatment suggests successful therapy. It is important to note that the RPR test can occasionally produce false positive results due to other conditions, which is why positive results are confirmed with a treponemal-specific test.

Syphilis progresses through distinct stages if left untreated, potentially leading to serious complications affecting the heart, brain, and nervous system. Early detection and treatment with antibiotics, typically penicillin, is highly effective and can prevent progression to later stages.

The RPR test is particularly valuable for monitoring treatment response, as titres should decline after successful treatment. Regular monitoring helps healthcare providers assess whether the infection has been adequately treated.

Testing is recommended for sexually active individuals with potential syphilis exposure, those with symptoms such as painless sores (chancres), rashes, or unexplained neurological symptoms. Screening is also routinely performed during pregnancy.

Regular screening may be advised for individuals at higher risk, including men who have sex with men and individuals with HIV. The RPR test is also used for follow-up monitoring after syphilis treatment to confirm successful cure.